Survival in space Clean Air in Space: New CO2 Removal Technology Made Possible by Multiphysics Simulation

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Comsol Multiphysics GmbH

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The ISS is a symbol of human engineering skills – and a place where the astronaut's survival depends on sophisticated systems. In an environment where every cubic centimeter of air must be controlled, the technical infrastructure plays a central role. The CO₂ removal unit ensures that the air inside the station remains breathable.

What seems natural on Earth — fresh air to breathe — is the result of highly complex processes in space. The continuous removal of carbon dioxide from the cabin is not just a matter of comfort, but a vital prerequisite for long-term missions. The critical importance of these systems was demonstrated most recently in the spring of 2025, when two NASA astronauts, Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore, had to remain on the ISS for much longer than planned. Their return flight was delayed due to technical problems with the Starliner spacecraft, which ultimately returned to Earth empty. Instead of the originally planned stay of just a few days, the astronauts spent more than nine months in space. Incidents like this highlight the importance of reliable, low-maintenance, and robust systems for supply and safety on board.